质谱分析

质谱分析(MS)是一种基于质荷比(m/z)鉴定样品化合物的分析技术。该方法通过测定化合物分子量并分析其同位素丰度,鉴定对应化合物。质谱仪首先将样品离子化为气体离子,再通过其质荷比和相对丰度鉴定离子。
推荐类别
如今,质谱分析已成为兼具选择性、灵敏度和多样品分析能力等诸多优势的成熟检测方法。
此方法可与各种色谱技术联合使用,如 液相色谱、薄层层析、气相色谱或电感耦合等离子体。质谱广泛应用于诸多研究领域和行业,包括制药和食品行业、健康诊所、临床研究实验室以及法医和环境检测实验室。
质谱分析采用何种工作原理?
质谱仪的工作原理是将单分子转换为离子,分析所得离子的相对丰度。在质谱仪的电离室中,每个单分子电离形成比母分子少一个电子的分子离子。分子离子或“自由基阳离子”可继续碎片化形成离子,离子仍可进一步碎裂等等。一种复杂样品可通过质谱仪生成无数离子。随后离子在电磁场中加速并基于不同的质荷比(m/z)分离。质谱仪的检测器按相对丰度比例记录离子,并生成分子的质谱图。
质谱分析应用
质谱分析灵敏度高,广泛用于纳克/毫升(ng/mL)以下的超低浓度、超低分子量测量。质谱分析可与毛细管电泳、GC和HPLC等其他分离技术结合使用,因而成为同时分离和鉴定分析物的通用分析工具。
质谱分析典型应用包括:
- 蛋白质和多肽的氨基酸序列分析
- 药物开发中的杂质评估
- 活性药物成分的纯度评估
- 尿液、血液和头发中违禁药物的常规分析
- 氨基酸、脂肪酸和有机生物合成遗传病的检测
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