Hard carbon

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Hard carbon electrode sheet is an electrode film of activated carbon cast on copper. Hard carbon is a low-density material with extremely high microporosity. Standard electrode sheets are 5 inches x 10 inches (127 mm x 254 mm) and cast single-sided on 10 µm thick copper foil current collectors. The composition of the electrode film is 90% graphite, 5% poly(vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF] and 5% Super P. PVDF acts as binder due to its thermal and electrochemical stability and strong adhesive properties.

Our hard carbon electrode sheet is a ready-to-use anode for alkali metal ion batteries such as sodium ion batteries (SIBs), lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and potassium ion batteries. Hard carbon is the anode of choice for sodium-ion batteries, where the use of graphite as an anode in SIBs is inhibited by the inability of sodium ions to form a binary graphite intercalation compound. Hard carbon offers a low insertion/deinsertion potential (~0.1 V Na/Na⁺) ideal for achieving high voltages. With an experimental capacity of 240 mAh/g and areal capacity of 2.32 mAh/cm², our electrodes demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance.