Cytochrome c from equine heart

Cytochrome c is used as an inducer of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in various research studies. The identification and monitoring of oxidation sites in cytochrome c may have implications for assessing oxidative stress-related conditions and diseases. It could potentially be used as a biomarker to evaluate the extent of oxidative damage and the antioxidant capacity of cells and tissues.

Cytochrome c is suitable for use as a component of phosphate buffer for the detection and evaluation of complex IV activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE). It may also be used for the detection of extracellular superoxide anion (ECSA) in isolated kidney phagocytes.

The specific sites and extent of oxidation in horse cytochrome c treated with H₂O₂ and UV were characterized. It was suggested that the state of these sites could be used as a biomarker for the oxidative environment in a cell.

Cytochrome c has been identified as an important mediator in apoptotic pathways. The release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm stimulates apoptosis and is commonly used as an indicator of the apoptotic process in the cell.

Cytochrome c is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen

Prepared with acetic acid without using TCA.

View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.