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C8052

Cholera Toxin

Name: Cholera Toxin
Brand: SIGMA

from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, A-B type toxin

Synonym(s):

CTX, Cholera enterotoxin, Choleragen

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About This Item

CAS Number:

9012-63-9

UNSPSC Code:

12352200

NACRES:

NA.77

MDL number:

MFCD00130776

Assay:

≥90% (SDS-PAGE)

Form:

lyophilized powder

Quality level:

300

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Properties

Product Name

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder

Quality Level

300

assay

≥90% (SDS-PAGE)

form

lyophilized powder

composition

Protein, ~5% Lowry-TCA

solubility

H₂O: 10 mg/mL

storage temp.

2-8°C

Description

General description

Cholera toxin is a member of the AB5-subunit family of toxins. It consists of a single A subunit responsible for ADP-ribosylation and five B subunits arranged as a pentameric ring with cell surface receptor binding and internalization functions. The A subunit catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), leading to increased adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP levels. It also ADP-ribosylates transducing and tubulin.

Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.

Application

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins. It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.

Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used in toxin neutralization assays to assess the cytotoxicity of cells.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM₁ on the cell surface.

Features and Benefits

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Packaging

Package size based on protein content.

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA

Preparation Note

When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN₃, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.